Republic of Peru
Capital: Lima HDI: 0.737 (82nd)
Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
GDP (PPP): $371.3 billion
Currency: Nuevo Sol
Population: ~ 30.4 million
The mountainous country of Peru benefits from a rich history, exponential economic growth, and a vibrant export market. The diverse geography of Peru endows it with a wealth of natural resources. In particular Peru is the world’s second largest silver producer and third largest copper producer. Since the early 2000’s poverty has fell from 50% to less than 20%, and this is due in many ways to effective government policies as well as foreign economic investment. The country has pursued a free trade policy and signed trade deals with the EU, USA, regional neighbors, and major Latin American economies that will stimulate investment.
RESEARCH
Economic Overview
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Peru Economy Profile
http://www.indexmundi.com/peru/economy_profile.html
Peru’s economy reflects its varied topography – an arid lowland coastal region, the central high sierra of the Andes, the dense forest of the Amazon, with tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. A wide range of important mineral resources are found in the mountainous and coastal areas, and Peru’s coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. Peru is the world’s second largest producer of silver and third largest producer of copper. The Peruvian economy has been growing by an average of 5.6% for the past five years with a stable exchange rate and low inflation
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Peru Economic Outlook
https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PeruEconomicOutlook1Q15_.pdf
For 2016 and 2017, we forecast a temporary acceleration in growth
Industry Trends & Business Climate
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Peru Analysis | Peru Research & Forecasts
http://www.bmiresearch.com/peru
This site provides industry analysis, forecasts and economic, political and operational risk analysis in Peru.
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Peru Overview – World Bank
http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/peru/overview
Over the past decade, Peru has been one of the region’s fastest-growing economies. Between 2005 and 2014, the average growth rate was 6.1% in a context of low inflation (2.9%, on average)
Establishing a Presence
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Business Types – Company & Corporation Types in Peru
http://www.limaeasy.com/business-guide/company-and-corporation-types-in-peru
There are different types of legal entities which investors can use in order to incorporate businesses in Peru. The main legal forms of companies according to law are: corporation, limited liability companies, branch offices, joint venture, etc. Any proceedings may be carried out directly or through a representative.
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Business Types – Incorporating a Business in Peru
http://www.expatperu.com/incorporating-a-business.php
A Sociedad Anonima Cerrada (S.A.C.) is one of the best types of company for doing business in Peru.
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Business Registration Requirements – How to set up a Company or Corporation in Peru
http://www.limaeasy.com/business-guide/how-to-set-up-company-corporation-peru
Any company established in Peru with national or foreign capitals is governed by the General Law on Companies. Companies are established in a sole act performed by the founding partners. To establish a Company only two partners who may be individuals (or a corporate body) and the preparation of the Minutes of Incorporation are required. The process of setting up a company (framework) usually takes about four to six weeks (not including the time consuming Municipal permits for the offices or production premises).
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Business Registration Requirements – Starting a Business in Peru – Doing Business
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/peru/starting-a-business/
This site provides a detailed summary of the bureaucratic and legal hurdles faced by entrepreneurs wishing to incorporate and register a new firm in Peru.
Taxes
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Peru Personal Income Tax Rat
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/peru/personal-income-tax-rate
The Personal Income Tax Rate in Peru stands at 30 percent.
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Peru – Taxes on personal income
http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/uk/taxsummaries/wwts.nsf/ID/Peru-Individual-Taxes-on-personal-income
Domiciled individuals are subject to income tax on their worldwide income, whereas non-domiciled individuals are only taxed on their Peruvian-source income.
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Corporate Tax Rate
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/peru/corporate-tax-rate
The Corporate Tax Rate in Peru stands at 30 percent. Corporate Tax Rate in Peru averaged 29.82 percent from 1997 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 30 percent in 1998 and a record low of 27 percent in 2003. Corporate Tax Rate in Peru is reported by the Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria.
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Corporate Tax in Peru
http://www.expatperu.com/corporate-tax-peru.php
Before setting up a company in Peru, it is advisable to enquire about income tax. The type of income tax that applies to businesses established in Peru is called “third category income tax” (impuesto a la renta de tercera categoría).
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Peru Sales Tax Rate | VAT
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/peru/sales-tax-rate
The Sales Tax Rate (VAT) in Peru stands at 16 percent. Sales Tax Rate in Peru averaged 17.50 percent from 2006 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 19 percent in 2007 and a record low of 16 percent in 2011. Sales Tax Rate in Peru is reported by the Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria.
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Peru to cut VAT rate to 14% by 2016
http://www.vatlive.com/americas/peru-cut-vat-rates/
Peru to cut VAT rate to 14% by 2016
Visas
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Peru – US Department of State
http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country/peru.html
See “Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements
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Peru Visa and Passport Requirements
http://www.worldtravelguide.net/peru/passport-visa
A business visa is required for all nationals if the purpose of the visit is business. Any business-related unpaid work can be made on a tourist visa.
Infrastructure
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Types of Public Transport in Peru
http://goperu.about.com/od/gettingaroundperu/tp/Types-Of-Public-Transport-In-Peru.htm
A summary of all forms of public transportation in Peru
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Getting Around in Peru | Frommer’s
http://www.frommers.com/destinations/peru/620909
Because of its size and natural barriers, including difficult mountain terrain, long stretches of desert coast, and extensive rainforest, Peru is complicated to navigate.
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Telecom/IT – Peru – Telecom Market Trends, Key Statistics and Regulatory
http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Peru-Telecom-Market-Trends-Key-Statistics-and-Regulatory-Overview.html?r=51
Telecom penetration in Peru reflects the country’s poverty map. Fixed-line and mobile subscribers are highly concentrated in urban areas – particularly the capital city. Besides poverty, another factor to contend with is geographical inaccessibility, both in the Andean mountains and in the Amazon jungles. –
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Telecom/IT – Peru Guide: Telecommunications
https://www.justlanded.com/english/Peru/Peru-Guide/Telephone-Internet/Telecommunications-in-Peru
Peru’s telecommunications market has grown significantly over recent years. Its economic development has attracted investments from local and international companies in all industries for geographic expansion and automation.
Employer Obligations
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Labor Rules and Obligations – Employment Law in Peru
http://www.crossborderemployer.com/post/2012/07/19/Employment-Law-in-Peru.aspx
Since 1990, labor unions have grown stronger, workers’ rights are fully respected and the increased dialogue between labor, business and government has resulted in a more balanced national labor policy.
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Labor Market Regulation in Peru
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/peru/labor-market-regulation
This site provides a detailed summary of some of the labor regulations that would apply to local entrepreneurs wishing to hire workers, organize working schedules, improve job quality for workers, or make workers redundant for economic reasons in Peru.
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Labor Rules and Obligations – Labor Market Regulation in Peru
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/peru/labor-market-regulation
This World Bank site provides a detailed summary of some of the labor regulations that would apply to local entrepreneurs wishing to hire workers, organize working schedules, or make workers redundant for economic reasons in Peru.
Culture/Living
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Business Etiquette – Business Etiquette in Peru
http://www.ehow.com/about_5279932_business-etiquette-peru.html
The dos and don’ts of business etiquette in Peru
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Business Etiquette – Peruvian Manners and Etiquette
http://www.expatperu.com/peruvian-manners-and-etiquette.html
Some of the rules of Peruvian etiquette can be confusing for visitors from other countries.
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Cost of Living in Peru
http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=Peru
Cost of living information includes price indices for rent, food, utilities, transportation, restaurants, clothing and more
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Cost of living in Peru
http://insideperu.com.pe/en/faq/cost-of-living-in-peru/
Compared to other Latin American countries Peru has an average cost of living.
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Holidays in Peru
http://goperu.about.com/od/festivalsandevents/a/National-Holidays-In-Peru.htm
There are a number of national holidays in Peru, some of which will be familiar to most travelers while others are unique to the Peruvian calendar.
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Safety – Peru – US Department of State
http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country/peru.html
US Department of State – Go to Safety and Security for updates from the Peruvian government
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Safety – Peru Travel Safety Recommendation
http://traveltips.usatoday.com/peru-travel-safety-recommendations-1295.html
Tourists heading to Peru should know that while this South American country is a beautiful destination with lots to enjoy, it’s also a third-world country with a unique set of safety and security issues for travelers to be aware of.
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Climate – Peru Weather, Climate and Geography
http://www.worldtravelguide.net/peru/weather-climate-geography
The weather in Peru varies according to area – the changes in altitude are so extreme that the climate goes from freezing snow in the mountains to boiling sun on the coast. Likewise, the coast covers such a large stretch of longitude that the temperature changes dramatically as you head further south.
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Climate – Location – Peru’s Geography and Climate
http://www.peru.travel/about-peru/location-geography-and-climate.aspx
Peru’s special geography makes it a prime location to experience climate extremes.
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Education System in PeruEducation –
http://www.classbase.com/countries/Peru/Education-System
While public education is free, private schools operate at all levels of the education system. Schools in both the public and private sectors follow the national curriculum, set federally and overseen by local education authorities, as mandated in a 2008 ministerial decree.
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Education – Peru Education
http://www.mapsofworld.com/peru/education/
Education in Peru is compulsory for children from the age of 7 years to 16 years. Secondary education in the government institutions in Peru is free of cost.
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Holidays and observances in Per
http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/peru/
National, holidays and observances
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Demographics – Peru Demographics Profile
http://www.indexmundi.com/peru/demographics_profile.html
Demographic information includes population, quality of life, health, sports, technology, energy and the environment
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Demographics – Peru – The World Factbook
http://goperu.about.com/od/festivalsandevents/a/National-Holidays-In-Peru.htm
Features map and brief descriptions of the geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues.
Trade
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Trade Agreements – SICE: Countries: Peru : Trade Policy Documents
http://www.sice.oas.org/ctyindex/PER/PERagreements_e.asp
Information on trade agreements in force and those that have been signed but not in force
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Trade Agreements – Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Peru
http://www.limaeasy.com/business-guide/free-trade-agreements-ftas-with-peru
Nearly 95% of Peru’s exports are covered by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) currently in force.
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Import Export Regulations – Peruvian Customs: Regulations, Export-Import
https://peru.visahq.com/customs/
Regulations from Peruvian Customs
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Import Export Regulations – customs regulations and information for import
https://www.iamovers.org/files/newimages/member/shippers/peru.pdf
Import information regarding personal effects, motor vehicles and more
Housing and Rentals
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Types of Accommodation in Peru – Peru Travel
http://goperu.about.com/od/wheretostay/tp/Types-Of-Accommodation-In-Peru.htm
Accommodation options in Peru range from rustic homestays to luxury lodges and everything in between. Prices also vary greatly.
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Peru. Explore By Yourself!
http://www.explorebyyourself.com/en/peru/accomodation
In Peru you can find a range of accommodation to suit all budgets. This can include free agreements with the CouchSurfing members or the volunteer programs and luxurious 5-star hotels.
Travel
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Peru Travel Information and Vacations Guide
http://www.peru.travel/en-us/
Our country offers you the opportunity to meet amazing cultures, festivals and captivating live performing such diverse activities ranging from a traditional visit to archaeological sites to practice adventure sports.
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Peru Travel Guide | Fodor’s Travel
http://www.fodors.com/world/south-america/peru
Expert picks for your Peru vacation, including hotels, restaurants, entertainment, shopping, top attractions, and more.
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