Syrian Arab Republic
Capital: Damascus
Languages: Arabic
GDP (PPP): $107.831 billion
Currency: Syrian Pound
HDI: 0.594 (134th)
Population: 17,064,854
Syrian Arab Republic is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. Syria’s capital and largest city is Damascus.
A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Syrian Arabs, Greeks, Armenians, Assyrians, Kurds, Circassians, Mandeans and Turks. Religious groups include Sunnis, Christians, Alawites, Druze, Mandeans, Shiites, Salafis, and Yazidis. Sunni Arabs make up the largest population group in Syria.
In English, the name “Syria” was formerly synonymous with the Levant (known in Arabic as al-Sham), while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the 3rd millennium BC. Its capital Damascus and largest city Aleppo are among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. In the Islamic era, Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt.
Syria is a member of one international organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it has become suspended from the Arab League on November 2011 and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self-suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in an uprising against Assad and the Ba’athist government as part of the Arab Spring, a crackdown that contributed to the Syrian Civil War and to Syria’s becoming one of the most violent countries in the world.[14] A number of pseudo-state entities have since emerged on Syrian territories, including the Syrian Opposition, the Federation of Northern Syria and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
RESEARCH
Economic Overview
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Syria Economy – overview – Economy – IndexMundi
http://www.indexmundi.com/syria/economy_overview.html
Syria’s economy continues to deteriorate amid the ongoing conflict that began in 2011, declining by 62% from 2010 to 2014. The government has struggled to address the effects of international sanctions, widespread infrastructure damage, diminished domestic consumption and production, reduced subsidies, and high inflation
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Syria Overview – World Bank
http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/syria/overview
The economic impact of the conflict is difficult to estimate precisely given limited data but is large and growing. Syria’s GDP is estimated to have contracted by an average of 15.7 percent for the period (2011-14) The decline in GDP growth was in part attributed to a sharp decline in oil production, down from 368,000 barrels per day in 2010 to an estimated 40,000 barrels per day in 2015 and 2016.
Industry Trends & Business Climate
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Syrian Economic Forum
http://www.syrianef.org/En/
This site provides a link to several current articles that describe the business environment in Syria.
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Syria Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business
http://www.heritage.org/index/country/syria
The state has long dominated many areas of economic activity, and the repressive economic environment has marginalized the private sector and prevented sustainable development. State interference has seriously undermined monetary freedom.
Establishing a Presence
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Doing Business in Syrian Arab Republic
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/syria
This World Bank site ranks Syria for ease of doing business with outher countries of the world.
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Starting a Business in Syrian Arab Republic
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/syria/starting-a-business
This World Bank site provides a detailed summary of the bureaucratic and legal hurdles faced by entrepreneurs wishing to incorporate and register a new firm in Syrian Arab Republic.
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Starting a Business in Syrian Arab Republic
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/syria/starting-a-business
This World Bank site provides a detailed summary of the bureaucratic and legal hurdles faced by entrepreneurs wishing to incorporate and register a new firm in Syrian Arab Republic.
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Doing Business in Syrian Arab Republic
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/syria
This World Bank site ranks Syria for ease of doing business with outher countries of the world.
Taxes
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Syria Corporate Tax Rate | 2006-2016
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/syria/corporate-tax-rate
The Corporate Tax Rate in Syria stands at 22 percent. Corporate Tax Rate in Syria averaged 26.90 percent from 2006 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 35.00 percent in 2006 and a record low of 22.00 percent in 2013.
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Syria Corporate Tax Rate
http://www.multpl.com/syria-corporate-tax-rate
This site reports the fully burdened corporate tax rate for Syria
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Syria Personal Income Tax Rate | 2004-2016
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/syria/personal-income-tax-rate
The Personal Income Tax Rate in Syria stands at 22 percent. Personal Income Tax Rate in Syria averaged 21.08 percent from 2004 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 22 percent in 2010 and a record low of 20 percent in 2005.
Visas
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Syria Visa: Application, Requirements
https://syria.visahq.com/
Comprehensive Information on Syria Visa Requirements
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Syria – State
https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/country/syria.html
See “Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements on this US Department of State site
Infrastructure
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Syria Transportation – Taxi, Train, Bus & Airport Tips
https://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Middle_East/Syria/Transportation-Syria-TG-C-1.html
155 tips on getting to and getting around Syria from real travelers and locals.
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Travel Syria – Syria Travelling and Trip Ideas
http://www.tours-syria.com/syria-transportation
Transport facilities in Syria are quite inexpensive, and you can choose from buses, taxis and trains and even domestic flights which usually operate as per schedule.
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Research and Markets: Syria – Telecoms, Mobile, Broadband
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120924005691/en/Research-Markets-Syria---Telecoms-Mobile-Broadband
Syrias telecom sector has been caught up in the ongoing civil war. Reports include instances of information warfare, proposed sanctions against telecom companies and damage to telecoms infrastructure.
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Telecommunications in Syria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Syria
Prior to the Syrian civil war, telecommunications in Syria were slowly moving towards liberalization, with a number of licenses awarded and services launched in the Internet service provision market.
Employer Obligations
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Labor Market Regulation in Syrian Arab Republic
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/syria/labor-market-regulation
This site provides a detailed summary of some of the labor regulations that would apply to local entrepreneurs wishing to hire workers, organize working schedules, improve job quality for workers, or make workers redundant for economic reasons in Syrian Arab Republic.
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LABOUR LAW NO 17/2010 – ilo.org
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_145645.pdf
This site provides full text of the labor law in Syria
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Labor Market Regulation in Syrian Arab Republic
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/syria/labor-market-regulation
This site provides a detailed summary of some of the labor regulations that would apply to local entrepreneurs wishing to hire workers, organize working schedules, improve job quality for workers, or make workers redundant for economic reasons in Syrian Arab Republic.
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LABOUR LAW NO 17/2010 – ilo.org
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_145645.pdf
This site provides full text of the labor law in Syria
Culture/Living
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Cost of Living in Syria. Prices in Syria
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=Syria
Average prices of more than 40 products and services in Syria. Prices of restaurants, food, transportation, utilities and housing are included.
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Cost of Living in Syria. 2016 prices
https://www.expatistan.com/cost-of-living/country/syria
Cost of living comparisons in more than 1,600 cities all over the world.
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Syria – Culture, Customs & Etiquette
http://guide.culturecrossing.net/basics_business_student.php?id=199
Guide to travel, doing business, and studying in Syria – culture, greetings, gestures,etiquette, taboos, negotiations, gift-giving, and more.
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CIA – The World Factbook – Syria
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html
See “People and Society” on this CIA site
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Syria Demographics Profile 2016
http://www.indexmundi.com/syria/demographics_profile.html
Facts and statistics on the demographics of Syria.
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Climate of the World: Syria
http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/Syria.htm
West of the Jabal an Nusayreyah, Syria has a Mediterranean influenced climate, characterized by long, hot and mostly dry summers and mild, wet winters. Regional variations in temperature are comparatively slight, due to the relatively small size of the country.
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Syria – Climate – GlobalSecurity.org
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/syria/climate.htm
Syria is an arid and semi-arid country with limited water resources. In fact, about three-fifths of the country has less than 25 centimeters of rain a year. The country has large areas of semi-arid and desert environment.
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Syria – State
https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/country/syria.html
See “Safety and Security” on this US Department of State site.
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Syria travel advice – GOV.UK
https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/syria/safety-and-security
Latest travel advice for Syria including safety and security, entry requirements, travel warnings and health
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Syria Education System
http://www.classbase.com/countries/Syria/Education-System
Education expenditure has gradually been increasing and, although a poor country, Syria now has a solid basic education system. Control is centralized with the ministry of education that determines the curriculum. Education is compulsory through grades 1 to 9
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Back to School: Syrian Education System
https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201609081045083042-syria-schools-education-system/
Although Syria’s education system was hardest hit by the five-year war, considerable efforts are being made to revive the sector
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Syria Public Holidays 2016 and 2017
http://publicholidays.me/syria/
Discover the complete list of Syria’s public holidays for 2016 and 2017.
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Syria public holidays – Lonely Planet
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/syria/public-holidays
Quick reference guide to public holidays dates in Syria
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Syrian culture customs and etiquette
http://guide.culturecrossing.net/basics_business_student.php?id=199
It is unwise to make any remarks about President Assad, the government and the Ba’ath Party and such comments may cause alarm. Syria is not a democracy and critical comments regarding the Syrian government are to be avoided.
Trade
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Global Insider: Syria’s WTO Status
http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/trend-lines/5520/global-insider-syrias-wto-status
Syria obtained observer status (May 2010) in the WTO, an initial step toward full membership, in part because the U.S., EU and Israel abstained from the vote, but also due to vocal support from Egypt.
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Syria – Bureau of Industry and Security
https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/policy-guidance/foreign-import-export-license-requirements/13-policy-guidance/country-guidance/189-syria
Export license information from the US Department of Commerce
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Syria Customs Regulations
https://syria.visahq.com/customs/
Syria Customs regulations and procedures for importing and exporting goods at border
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Customs: Regulations, Export-Import
https://cape-verde.visahq.com/customs/
Private Sector both face a shortage of skilled labour and
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Syria – Trade – European Commission
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/syria/
Bilateral EU-Syria relations are governed by the Cooperation Agreement signed in 1977
Housing and Rentals
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Syria Hotels – TripAdvisor
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotels-g294010-Syria-Hotels.html
3,399 traveler reviews, candid photos, and prices for 144hotels in Syria.
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Find Syria Hotels by Marriott
http://www.marriott.com/hotel-search/syria.hotels.virginia.united-states.travel/
Find Syria hotels with spacious rooms and attentive service
Travel
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Syria Travel Warning
https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/alertswarnings/syria-travel-warning.html
The Department of State continues to warn U.S. citizens against all travel to Syria and strongly recommends that U.S. citizens remaining in Syria depart immediately
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Syria Travel Guide – VirtualTourist
https://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Middle_East/Syria/TravelGuide-Syria.html
3976 real travel reviews, tips, and photos from real travelers and locals inSyria at VirtualTourist.
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